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AIA Publications Discussion Paper Farid Karimi

The Postmortem of the Nord Stream Projects

This paper presents a postmortem analysis of the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) pipeline project, examining its political, economic, and security implications within the Baltic Sea Re-gion (BSR) and the broader European Union (EU). Initially framed as an essential part of Ger-many’s energy transition, NS2 evolved into a symbol of geopolitical miscalculation and intra-EU discord. The project’s development overlooked critical security concerns, deepened depend-ence on Russian energy, and sidelined Eastern European perspectives vis-à-vis security issues. Germany’s belief in economic interdependence as a path to peace proved flawed in this particu-lar case, as Russia weaponised energy infrastructure. The paper critically examines Germany’s strategic narrative, the erosion of EU cohesion, and the governance gaps exposed by NS2. It concludes with policy recommendations for a resilient, normatively grounded EU energy strat-egy, emphasising strategic foresight, regional solidarity, and democratic accountability in fu-ture energy infrastructure planning.